Systemic Effects of Oral Antibiotics in Mice: A Combined Physiological and Molecular Approach

Mazreku I., Kasolli A., Gerxhaliu Z., Smaili M., Berisha A., KAYA S., ...Daha Fazla

Biomolecules, cilt.16, sa.3, 2026 (SCI-Expanded, Scopus) identifier identifier

  • Yayın Türü: Makale / Tam Makale
  • Cilt numarası: 16 Sayı: 3
  • Basım Tarihi: 2026
  • Doi Numarası: 10.3390/biom16030409
  • Dergi Adı: Biomolecules
  • Derginin Tarandığı İndeksler: Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED), Scopus, BIOSIS, Chemical Abstracts Core, EMBASE, MEDLINE, Directory of Open Access Journals
  • Anahtar Kelimeler: amoxicillin, antibiotics, food intake, oral treatment, tetracycline
  • Sivas Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi Adresli: Evet

Özet

This study investigates the systemic effects of amoxicillin and tetracycline on healthy Mus musculus (Swiss albino) mice, focusing on food intake, body weight, and hematological parameters. Over a 14-day oral treatment period, both antibiotics significantly reduced weight gain and food efficiency, with sex-specific variations: tetracycline had stronger metabolic effects in males, while amoxicillin was more impactful in females. To explore underlying mechanisms, molecular docking and MM-GBSA analyses were performed on PPAR-γ and TLR2–TIRAP complexes. Both antibiotics showed negligible binding to PPAR-γ, suggesting their metabolic effects are not receptor-mediated. In contrast, tetracycline exhibited strong and stable binding to TLR2 (ΔGbind = −27.87 kcal/mol), supported by extensive hydrogen bonding, implying potential immunomodulatory action. These findings suggest that antibiotic-induced metabolic and immune alterations are more likely driven by microbiota disruption and innate immune signaling, rather than direct metabolic receptor engagement.