Magnetic deep eutectic solvent-based vortex-assisted liquid liquid microextraction method for rapid determination of 4-methylimidazole in food and beverage matrices: Multivariate approach

FESLİYAN S., ELİK A., BATIR G. G., ALTUNAY N.

Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, cilt.151, 2026 (SCI-Expanded, Scopus) identifier

  • Yayın Türü: Makale / Tam Makale
  • Cilt numarası: 151
  • Basım Tarihi: 2026
  • Doi Numarası: 10.1016/j.jfca.2026.108952
  • Dergi Adı: Journal of Food Composition and Analysis
  • Derginin Tarandığı İndeksler: Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED), Scopus, BIOSIS
  • Anahtar Kelimeler: 4-methylimidazole, Beverage samples, Fast extraction, Magnetic deep eutectic solvents, Multivariate approaches
  • Sivas Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi Adresli: Evet

Özet

This article describes in detail the elements of a magnetic deep eutectic solvent-based vortex-assisted liquid liquid microextraction (MDES-VA-LLME) procedure for the extraction and quantification of 4-methylimidazole (4-MeI) from food and beverage matrices. Phase separation was achieved with a strong magnet. The MDES-VA-LLME procedure does not include additional experimental steps such as heating or centrifugation to ensure phase separation. Therefore, the procedure enables the rapid and low-cost extraction of 4-MeI. Optimization step was carried out using the Box–Behnken design. The MDES-VA-LLME was linear between 25 and 900 µg L−1 (R2 = 0.9921). Relative standard deviations of the presented procedure were acceptable for intraday (1.2–1.8 %, N = 5) and interday (1.6–2.3 %, N = 5 ×3) studies, with a low detection limit (7.4 µg L−1) and satisfactory relative recovery (92.5–98.1 %). The accuracy of the MDES-VA-LLME procedure was compared with the reference method. In the final stage, the MDES-VA-LLME procedure was successfully applied to different in food and beverage matrices.