Synthesis, characterization, and anticancer evaluation of thiazole-chalcone hybrids against colon cancer cells
Chemical Papers, 2026 (SCI-Expanded, Scopus)
- Yayın Türü: Makale / Tam Makale
- Basım Tarihi: 2026
- Doi Numarası: 10.1007/s11696-026-05100-0
- Dergi Adı: Chemical Papers
- Derginin Tarandığı İndeksler: Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED), Scopus, Aerospace Database, Chemical Abstracts Core, Materials Science & Engineering Collection (ProQuest), Technology Collection (ProQuest)
- Anahtar Kelimeler: Anticancer activity, Chalcone, Colon cancer, Synthesis, Thiazole
- Sivas Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi Adresli: Evet
Özet
Cancer is one of the leading global health problems that lead to death, and the need for novel antitumor agents has encouraged us to synthesize a novel series of thiazole-chalcone hybrids (containing lactone, enamine, thiazole and chalcone units at same structure). The compounds were synthesized via three steps starting from 2-acetyl-γ-butyrolactone and characterized by its structures on the basis of spectroscopic methods. Then, the anticancer potentials of compounds 3, 5 and 7a–i was evaluated against the human colon cancer cell line SW620 using cell viability (MTT); proliferation and morphological analyses at 24 and 48 h were performed. Most of the compounds (7a, 7b, 7c, 7g, 7h, and 7i) exhibited significant cytotoxic activity at 24 h, with IC50 values ranging from 13.0 ± 1.00 to 30.8 ± 1.80 µM. After 48 h, a significant time-dependent increase in the activity of the compounds was observed, while IC50 values decreased significantly (IC50 values for 7i (3.3 ± 0.11 µM), 7b (3.9 ± 0.12 µM), 7g (4.2 ± 0.32 µM) and 7h (6.2 ± 0.09 µM)). Their cytotoxic potential was evaluated in a noncancerous cell line (CCD-18Co) and a human colon cancer cell line (SW620) using cell viability (MTT) at 24 and 48 h. Anticancer potential was evaluated in SW620 using proliferation and morphological analyses. Several compounds, particularly 7a, 7b, 7c, 7g, 7h, and 7i, exhibited significant cytotoxic activity at 24 h in SW620, with IC₅₀ values ranging from 10.17 (5.82–19.96) to 37.51 (17.06–106.5) µM (p < 0.05). Notably, a pronounced time-dependent enhancement of activity was observed at 48 h in SW620, with substantially reduced IC50 values for the most active derivatives, including 7i (4.97 (3.44–7.56) µM), 7b (5.86 (2.74–15.27) µM), 7g (5.25 (2.38–12.54) µM), and 7h (8.21 (4.09–18.48) µM) (p < 0.05). Treatment with these compounds induced marked morphological alterations, such as cell rounding, vacuolization, and disruption of normal cellular architecture, while proliferation assays demonstrated complete inhibition of cell growth by day four for selected derivatives. Importantly, halogen-substituted thiazole–chalcone hybrids (Cl, Br, and F), particularly 7c, 7g, and 7i, showed enhanced and time-dependent anticancer efficacy, underscoring the critical role of halogen substitution in modulating biological activity. These findings suggest that thiazole–chalcone hybrids represent promising anticancer pharmacophores and warrant further mechanistic and in vivo investigations. These findings suggest that thiazole-chalcone hybrids represent promising anticancer pharmacophores and warrant further mechanistic and in vivo investigations.