Akademik Veri Yönetim Sistemi
Microchemical Journal, cilt.220, 2026 (SCI-Expanded, Scopus)
A simple, rapid, and synergistically enhanced ultrasound-assisted cloud point extraction (UA-CPE) method is proposed for the selective extraction and indirect determination of triclosan (TCS) by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). Triclosan from 35 mL of sample solution was readily and reversibly converted into a charge-transfer (CT) sensitive ion-pair complex, (CPZ)n × n[CuCl₂], upon addition of Cu(II) (0.25 mg L−1) as a result of excited-state proton-coupled electron transfer (ES-PCET) among reagents, including TCS, at pH 5.0. Subsequently, Brij 35 (alkylpoly(ethylene glycol) ether) and CTAB (cetyltrimethylammonium bromide), the mixed nonionic/ionic surfactants, were synergistically introduced and the solution was heated to 50 °C. At this stage, two distinct phases were produced, and the ion-pair complex migrated into the mixed micellar phase of Brij 35 and the sensitivity-enhancing CTAB in the presence of NaCl, which acted as both a complexing and salting-out agent through ES-PCET between TCS/CTAB and chlorpromazine (CPZ)/Cu(II) pairs. The mixed micellar phase was separated and diluted to 700 μL with methanol to enable aspiration into the FAAS nebulizer. The Cu content in the micellar phase, linearly proportional to the TCS concentration in the sample, was measured by FAAS at 324.8 nm. Parameters influencing extraction efficiency were optimized. Under optimum conditions, preconcentration and sensitivity enhancement factors of 50 and 32.7-fold, respectively, were achieved within a linear range of 0.7–70 μg L−1, with a detection limit of 0.195 μg L−1 and a relative standard deviation (RSD) below 7.2 %. The method was successfully applied to wastewater and personal care product analyses, and accuracy was statistically validated using two calibration curves to control matrix effects.