Journal of Molecular Liquids, cilt.436, 2025 (SCI-Expanded)
Safranin-O was adsorbed onto the dead mass of Kluyveromyces marxianus in aqueous milieu and its outcome was assessed by analytical, visual, and computational approaches. The biosorbent was isolated from a kefir sample and the biomass of the biosorbent was used in the removal study. Dye-binding active moieties on the surface were identified by FT-IR (Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrophotometry). Topology images before and after adsorption were produced by SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope) and EDX (Energy Dispersive X-Ray Analysis). Critical reaction parameters, pH, PZC, adsorbent mass, binding time- and temperature were adjusted. Modeling of the adsorption process and recovery experiments were carried out. The best correlation coefficient (R2) was produced by Langmuir and Temkin models. Nonlinear models provided an overall better fit with the experimental data. The application of pseudo first order (PFO), pseudo second order (PSO), and intraparticle diffusion (IPD) models helped elucidate kinetics of the reaction. Recovery experiments were conducted thrice. Molecular docking was used to study the nature of the interaction between safranin O and the biosorbent, to better understand such interactions and to determine how effectively the biosorbents bind safranin O.