Akademik Veri Yönetim Sistemi
JOURNAL OF SAKARYA UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF THEOLOGY (SAUIFD), cilt.22, sa.41, ss.57-80, 2020 (ESCI)
The problem of calling the things in scope of the existence which is the main topic of metaphysics is the most important theme of ontology in Islamic philosophy. In other words, is existence called equally or gradually? Calling it gradually is tashkik (gradation). Tashkik and dichotomies such as existence-essence, necessary-possible are also come out to solve this problem. Mind is subject to divide the beings like God-universe or subject-object. Afterwards, tries to overcome these divisions by the idea of tashkik. In the case of not grasping the idea of tashkik thoroughly -as in the case of Aristotle- gets the idea that there are ontological conradictions and disunities between God and universe. The goals of this study are as follows: The quality of tashkik of the existence is based upon the idea that it is simple. If not, it will be decomposed and will become a different thing in each being. In addition, existence has a gradual structure such as strength-weakness, posteriority-anteriority, cause-effect. Thus, the gradual quality of the existence can be formulized as follows: "Existence is the essence that ensures unity and disunity of beings."