Injectable vaginal bio-adhesive gel activated by hard nano ceramic particles: in vitro and in vivo properties Gel bioadhesivo vaginal inyectable activado por partículas nanocerámicas duras: propiedades in vitro e in vivo

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Şahin-Inan Z. D., Öksüz K. E., Kurt B., Hepokur C., Ünal Y.

Cirugia y Cirujanos, cilt.93, sa.4, ss.395-410, 2025 (SCI-Expanded, Scopus) identifier identifier

  • Yayın Türü: Makale / Tam Makale
  • Cilt numarası: 93 Sayı: 4
  • Basım Tarihi: 2025
  • Doi Numarası: 10.24875/ciru.24000502
  • Dergi Adı: Cirugia y Cirujanos
  • Derginin Tarandığı İndeksler: Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED), Scopus, EMBASE, Directory of Open Access Journals
  • Sayfa Sayıları: ss.395-410
  • Anahtar Kelimeler: Bioadhesive gel, Nanomaterial, Tissue repair, Vaginal wound model
  • Açık Arşiv Koleksiyonu: AVESİS Açık Erişim Koleksiyonu
  • Sivas Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi Adresli: Evet

Özet

Objective: This study aimed to synthesize, characterize, and evaluate the histopathological and biochemical efficacy of vaginal gels (VGs) in healing lacerations resulting from vaginal trauma. The bioadhesive gel containing nanoparticles (n-HAp) represents a novel application in this field. Methods: VGs were synthesized using n-HAp and characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). High-resolution FE-SEM images confirmed the presence of n-HAp, while XRD verified its structural properties. Four experimental groups were established: Control, Sham, VG, and VG/n-HAp. Tissue and blood samples were collected on days 7, 14, and 21. Results: Biochemical parameters such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1 (IL-1), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were evaluated in serum samples. Histological evaluations included inflammation, granulation tissue formation, collagen and reticular fiber density, reepithelialization, and neovascularization. The VG/n-HAp group exhibited significantly faster healing and more pronounced inflammatory responses over time compared to the other groups. Conclusion: Overall, the addition of n-HAp to VGs accelerated both biochemical and histopathological recovery in a rat vaginal wound healing model.