Ultrasound-assisted hydrophobic deep eutectic solvent-based microextraction for the spectrophotometric determination of rhodamine b: a green approach using quadratic central composite design

Bişgin A. T., Altunay A. Ö., ELİK A.

Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, cilt.146, 2025 (SCI-Expanded) identifier

  • Yayın Türü: Makale / Tam Makale
  • Cilt numarası: 146
  • Basım Tarihi: 2025
  • Doi Numarası: 10.1016/j.jfca.2025.107929
  • Dergi Adı: Journal of Food Composition and Analysis
  • Derginin Tarandığı İndeksler: Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED), Scopus, Academic Search Premier, PASCAL, Analytical Abstracts, BIOSIS, Biotechnology Research Abstracts, CAB Abstracts, Food Science & Technology Abstracts, Veterinary Science Database
  • Anahtar Kelimeler: Central composite design, Hydrophobic deep eutectic solvent, Quadratic microextraction approach, Rhodamine B, UV-Vis spectrophotometry
  • Sivas Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi Adresli: Evet

Özet

A green, efficient, and selective ultrasound-assisted hydrophobic deep eutectic solvent-based microextraction method was developed for the spectrophotometric determination of Rhodamine B (RhB) in cosmetics and foodstuffs. For this purpose, the central composite design of response surface methodology was used to optimize important parameters. Six distinct hydrophobic deep eutectic solvents (HDESs) were synthesized. The extraction efficiency of the DESs was evaluated for the quantitative microextraction of RhB. pH, type, composition ratio and amount of hydrophobic deep eutectic solvent, concentration of NaCl, sonication time, type of dispersive solvent, temperature, mixing process and type and volume of dilution solvent were investigated in detail. The quadratic model-based chemometric theoretical design provided the best fit for the microextraction method. The RhB content in cosmetic and food samples was determined to be between 2.57-4.21 µg/L and 3.15–4.57 µg/g in liquid and solid samples, respectively. The accuracy of the method was evaluated using analyte addition–recovery tests, with recovery results ranging from 88.8 % to 96.2 %. Inter-day and intra-day precision results were determined to be between 2.75 %–3.89 % and 1.35 %–2.45 %, respectively. The sustainability of the developed method was evaluated using the Analytical Greenness Metric Calculator (AGREE) and Blue Applicability Grade Index (BAGI).