Construction of a PhC2Cu/BaTiO3/Ag2MoO4 Dual S-Scheme Heterojunction for Efficient Photocatalytic Degradation of Ciprofloxacin
Catalysis Letters, cilt.156, sa.7, 2026 (SCI-Expanded, Scopus)
- Yayın Türü: Makale / Tam Makale
- Cilt numarası: 156 Sayı: 7
- Basım Tarihi: 2026
- Doi Numarası: 10.1007/s10562-026-05452-y
- Dergi Adı: Catalysis Letters
- Derginin Tarandığı İndeksler: Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED), Scopus, Chemical Abstracts Core, Chimica, Compendex, Academic Search Ultimate (EBSCO), Engineering Source (EBSCO), Materials Science & Engineering Collection (ProQuest), Technology Collection (ProQuest)
- Anahtar Kelimeler: Ag2MoO4, BaTiO3, Ciprofloxacin, Heterojunction, PhC2Cu, Photocatalyst, Photodegradation, Radical generation
- Sivas Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi Adresli: Evet
Özet
A ternary photocatalyst PhC2Cu/BaTiO3/Ag2MoO4 was rationally designed and systematically studied for the degradation of ciprofloxacin (CIP), combining density functional theory (DFT) calculations with inclusive experimental validation. The successful fabrication and phase purity of the PhC2Cu/BaTiO3/Ag₂MoO4 were studied by XRD spectra, while FTIR and XPS studies verified surface functionalities, elemental composition, as well as oxidation states, confirming the development of intimate interfacial contact among Barium Titanate (BaTiO3), Copper phenylacetylide (PhC2Cu), and Silver molybdate (Ag2MoO4) semiconductors. Their Band gap energies of 3.24 eV, 2.43 eV and 2.75 eV, respectively were determined from Tauc plots, and Mott-Schottky analysis confirmed n-type behaviour with proper conduction band edge positions i.e. -0.44 V, -1.7 V, and 0.002 V for BaTiO3, PhC2Cu, and Ag2MoO4 respectively, establishing favorable redox potentials for radical formation. Degradation studies verified that PhC2Cu/BaTiO3/Ag₂MoO4 heterojunction showed higher efficiency toward CIP photodegradation, attaining approx. 92.81% removal in 90 min under optimized environment (pH = 6, and 60 mg dose). Kinetic study revealed that the photodegradation followed pseudo-first-order kinetics, with an apparent rate constant of 0.0244 min− 1 which is 3.81, 3.25, 2.83, 1.65 times higher than BaTiO3, Ag2MoO4, PhC2Cu, and PhC2Cu/BaTiO3, respectively. Based on experimental results and band alignment, a dual S-scheme charge migration mechanism is proposed, in which highly energetic photogenerated charge carriers are preserved to drive the generation of radicals. This research provides a mechanistically sound approach for forming multicomponent S-scheme photocatalysts with enhanced charge utilization and photocatalytic efficiency.