1st INTERNATIONAL HEALTH SCIENCE and LIFE CONGRESS, Burdur, Türkiye, 2 - 05 Mayıs 2018, ss.563-564
Gut-brain axis is a bidirectional link system that plays an important role in the transmission of hormonal, neural and immunological signals between the gastrointestinal tract (GIS) and the central nervous system. In some studies in humans and rodents, certain probiotic strains, such as Lactobacillus and Bifidobacteria species, have been shown to enhance brain functional capacity. These species are called "psychobiotics" because of their effects on cognitive functions. :It is also stated that many studies have important links between intestinal microbiota and behavioral changes. Diet affects the intestinal microbiota pattern and plays a role in observing behavioral changes. It has been shown that the increase in macro nutrients such as fat, carbohydrate and protein in the dietary content is indicative of a dysbiosis pattern in the intestinal microbiota in the form of "Western Style" feeding, and cognitive functions are adversely affected. Magnusson et al., found changes in the population of bacterial strains such as Lactobacillus, Coriobacteriales and Bacteriodes, and found that they correlated with behavioral changes, with nutrition containing high fat and carbohydrates in mice. In another study, Kang et al., observed increased Firmicutes species and decreased in Bacteriodetes and Tenericutes species in rats fed a high fat diet, indicating that they triggered the anxiety phenotype in these effects. Some prebiotic varieties affect the functions of the central nervous system by triggering the development of certain microbial species and production of short chain fatty acids (SCFA). Schmidt et al., found that galactoligosaccharide prebiotics in healthy adults reduced cortisol levels during waking up, which is closely associated with depression and anxiety, and increased the growth of bifidobacteria. As a result, some changes in the microbiota pattern affected by the diet negatively affect the behavioral and cognitive functions, and studies are needed to clarify this relationship in the light of emerging sequencing technologies.