Akademik Veri Yönetim Sistemi
GPS Solutions, cilt.30, sa.2, 2026 (SCI-Expanded, Scopus)
In recent years, the use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) for surveying applications, especially for photogrammetric product generation, has gained considerable interest. In addition to conventional methods, such as real-time kinematic (RTK) or post-processing kinematic (PPK) methods, the Precise Point Positioning (PPP) and its ambiguity resolution (PPP-AR) methods have been a serious alternative for the direct georeferencing of UAVs due to the ability to provide a high positioning accuracy with only a standalone GNSS receiver on a global scale. Taking the fact that no specialized software has yet been developed for the use of PPP/PPP-AR methods in UAV applications into account, this study presents an open-source software, namely PPPH-UAV, that can process the kinematic GNSS data from UAVs using PPP/PPP-AR methods. The software supports GPS, GLONASS, Galileo, and BeiDou observations to compute image projection center coordinates. The output file generated by the PPPH-UAV software can be input into the process of photogrammetric product generation. These distinctive features differentiate the software from existing ones by providing a user-friendly, easy-to-use way to process raw GNSS data from UAVs. This study also presents an experimental test which is performed to validate the PPPH-UAV software results with the CSRS-PPP online service, utilizing the PPK results as reference. The results demonstrate that positioning accuracies of 35.0 and 33.6 cm are acquired for the CSRS-PPP and PPPH-UAV results, respectively, which indicates that both solutions are comparable. The study concludes that the direct georeferencing in UAV applications can be conducted with PPP/PPP-AR solutions via the PPPH-UAV software.