Unraveling the effects of electrodeposition pathway, phase evolution, and Mn incorporation in Co(OH)₂/PEDOT:PSS hybrid electrodes
Materials Today Communications, cilt.57, 2026 (SCI-Expanded, Scopus)
- Yayın Türü: Makale / Tam Makale
- Cilt numarası: 57
- Basım Tarihi: 2026
- Doi Numarası: 10.1016/j.mtcomm.2026.116479
- Dergi Adı: Materials Today Communications
- Derginin Tarandığı İndeksler: Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED), Scopus, Chemical Abstracts Core, Compendex, INSPEC
- Anahtar Kelimeler: Cobalt hydroxide, Electrodeposition, Hybrid Electrodes, Manganese doping, PEDOT:PSS
- Sivas Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi Adresli: Evet
Özet
Conductive polymer-supported transition metal hydroxides are promising electrode materials for electrochemical energy storage owing to their high pseudocapacitive activity. However, the influence of deposition strategy, deposited phase thickness, and heterometal incorporation on their structure–property–performance relationships remains insufficiently understood. In this study, cobalt-based hydroxide and oxide structures were electrodeposited onto PEDOT:PSS substrate, and the effects of deposition route, phase evolution, film thickness, and Mn incorporation were systematically investigated. Electrochemical measurements revealed that Co(OH)₂ films prepared by cyclic voltammetry exhibited superior performance compared to chronoamperometrically deposited counterparts. Among the Mn-containing electrodes, the Co:Mn= 3:1 composition delivered the highest areal capacitance of 22.34 mF/cm² at 20 mV/s, corresponding to a mass-normalized capacitance of 18.62 F/g, calculated using the experimentally determined deposited-mass loading of 1.20 mg/cm². The electrode retained 82% of its capacitance as the current density increased from 10 to 100 µA/cm², and retained 63.94% of its initial capacitance after 1000 charge-discharge cycles. Structural analyses indicated predominantly amorphous or poorly crystalline architectures, while Raman and FTIR spectroscopy confirmed the formation of Co–OH, Co–O, and Mn–O bonds. AFM measurements showed that surface roughness increased from 1.7 nm for PEDOT:PSS to 6.5 nm after Co–Mn incorporation. Four-point probe measurements demonstrated that Mn addition partially compensated for the conductivity loss caused by cobalt hydroxide deposition, while Seebeck analyses confirmed the preservation of p-type transport behavior. These results demonstrate that electrochemical performance is governed not only by deposited-mass loading but also by the synergistic optimization of morphology, structural disorder, and electronic transport properties, providing useful design guidelines for PEDOT:PSS pseudocapacitive electrodes.