Multifunctional Magnetic Nanoparticles (MNPs): A Comprehensive Review of their Synthesis, Functionalization, Organic Separation, and Biomedical Applications
BioNanoScience, cilt.16, sa.9, 2026 (ESCI, Scopus)
- Yayın Türü: Makale / Derleme
- Cilt numarası: 16 Sayı: 9
- Basım Tarihi: 2026
- Doi Numarası: 10.1007/s12668-026-02809-w
- Dergi Adı: BioNanoScience
- Derginin Tarandığı İndeksler: Emerging Sources Citation Index (ESCI), Scopus, Compendex, EMBASE, INSPEC, Natural Science Collection (ProQuest), Biological Science Database (ProQuest), Materials Science & Engineering Collection (ProQuest), Technology Collection (ProQuest)
- Anahtar Kelimeler: Analysis, Industrial applications, Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs), Organic compounds, Separation
- Sivas Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi Adresli: Evet
Özet
Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) have emerged as key materials in biomedicine, healthcare, environmental remediation, and industrial applications owing to their unique magnetic and physicochemical properties. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the synthesis strategies used to prepare MNPs, including conventional and advanced approaches, followed by a discussion of the principal characterization techniques employed to evaluate their structural, morphological, magnetic, and chemical properties. Particular attention is given to analytical methods such as infrared spectroscopy (IR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS), and other complementary characterization tools. The review also highlights recent advances in the biomedical applications of MNPs, including medical imaging, diagnostics, targeted drug delivery, therapy, and biosensing, as well as their roles in environmental remediation, green catalysis, surface coating, and other industrial processes. Beyond summarizing existing synthesis and characterization approaches, this review introduces a design-principle-based comparative analysis of multifunctional MNP sorbents used in organic separation, structured around three functional strategies hydrophobic/π–π interactions, chelating-ligand grafting, and zwitterionic antifouling coatings. Quantitative performance data for each strategy are directly benchmarked against conventional separation techniques, and the main limitations of unmodified MNPs are discussed alongside targeted mitigation strategies. This comparative framework distinguishes the present work from previous reviews and provides practical guidance for selecting or engineering MNP sorbents according to the target analyte. Finally, current challenges and future perspectives are discussed to provide insights into the continued development and expanding applications of magnetic nanoparticles in nanotechnology.