Akademik Veri Yönetim Sistemi
RECENT STUDIES IN PLANNING AND DESIGN, Assoc. Prof. Dr. Arzu ALTUNTAŞ Prof. Dr. Şevket ALP, Editör, IKS Yayınları, Ankara, ss.59-82, 2022
This text comprehensively covers the historical development, definitions and processes of urbanization. Urbanization refers to the movement of population from rural areas to urban areas, the decrease in the rural population ratio and the adaptation of societies to this change.Until the 18th century, there was a balanced population distribution between rural settlements based on agriculture and small-scale towns where trade and crafts were carried out.However, from the mid-18th century onwards, especially with the industrial revolution, the rural-urban population balance was disrupted and the urban population increased rapidly. In 1891, the urban population ratio reached 72% in England and Wales, while it was recorded as 37% in France, 41% in Prussia and 28% in the USA. In 2007, more than 50% of the world's population began to live in urban areas.Although urbanization is a positive phenomenon associated with economic development, uncontrolled and unplanned expansion (urban sprawl) has led to environmental, economic and social problems. Urban sprawl is the emergence of unplanned and uncontrolled settlements outside city boundaries, first seen in American cities.The definition of cities is based on different criteria from population, economic, sociological and administrative perspectives. In particular, population density, diversity of economic activities and administrative boundaries are important factors in determining the urban status of a settlement.Immigration and industrialization are among the important factors affecting the urbanization process. While migration refers to the movement of rural population to urban areas, industrialization led to the concentration of economic activities in cities. The industrial revolution played a decisive role in the increase of urban population and the transformation of the physical structures of cities. In addition, rapid population growth and urbanization after World War II brought with them planning and management difficulties.In conclusion, urbanization is a complex process that leads to economic, social and cultural transformations. The management of this process requires the development of strategic planning and policies for sustainable development and increasing the quality of life.